Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Fuller addresses the concept of marriage, arguing that even in so-called civilized societies, marriage is often based on convenience rather than a genuine meeting of souls. She critiques societies that treat women as property, given away by their fathers without consideration for their feelings, and highlights how, even in societies with more freedom, women are pressured to marry for security and social status. Fuller believes that true marriage should involve deep friendship, intellectual companionship, and mutual respect.

She outlines different models of marriage, beginning with the basic household partnership, where roles are divided between practical tasks. Fuller then describes marriages where there is intellectual companionship; however, she criticizes relationships that are based purely on emotional idolatry, which, in her view, leads to the stagnation of both parties.

Fuller reflects on historical figures, such as Madame Roland, who represents a strong, independent woman engaged in public and private life. She contrasts Roland’s example with Mary Wollstonecraft and George Sand, both of whom pushed against societal boundaries, often facing severe criticism. She argues that these women’s struggles reveal the need for new interpretations of women’s rights and greater room for women to grow.